Tuesday, November 3, 2015

Headaches in Children

     Headache is a common complaint in children and teenagers.Headaches can be a primary problem themselves or represent a symptom of another disorder and therefore represent a secondary headache.Recognizing this difference is essential for choosing the appropriate evaluation and treatment to ensure successful management of the headache.
     Primary headaches are most often recurrent, episodic headaches and for most children are sporadic in their presentation.The most common forms of primary headaches of childhood are migraine and tension-type headaches.The primary headaches can progress to very frequent headaches with chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headaches being increasingly recognized. These more frequent headaches can have an enormous impact on the life of the child and adolescent, as reflected in school absences and decreased school performance, social withdrawal, and changes in family interactions.To reduce this impact, a treatment strategy that incorporates acute treatments, preventive treatments, and biobehavioral therapies must be implemented.
     Secondary headaches are headaches that are a symptom of an underlying illness.The underlying illness should be clearly present as a direct cause of the headaches.This is often difficult when 2 or more common conditions occur in close temporal association. This frequently leads to the misdiagnosis of a primary headache as a secondary headache. This is frequently the case when migraine is misdiagnosed as a sinus headache.In general, the key components of a secondary headache are the likely direct cause and effect relationship between the headache and the precipitating condition.In addition, once the underlying suspected cause is treated, the secondary headache should resolve.If this does not occur, either the diagnosis must be re-evaluated or the effectiveness of the treatment reassessed. One key clue that additional investigation is warranted is the presence of an abnormal neurologic examination or unusual neurologic symptoms.
       


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